The name Tizimín comes from the Mayan word for the
indigenous woodland animal the "Tapir" or "Danta" (tapirella dowii),
a sacred animal frequently used in pre-hispanic hieroglyphs to
represent the all powerful Mayan deity Hunab Ku. The dominant theory
states that the Mayan words "ti" (place) and "tsimin"(Tapir) have
been joined to form the word Tizimín or "Place of the Tapir".
The exact year in which Tizimín was founded remains
unknown, and information regarding its existence in pre-hispanic
times is patchy. The discovery in the region of a Mayan stone
sculpture in the shape of a horse has led to the conclusion that the
settlement acquired the name "tsimin-cah" or "Town in the Place of
the Tapir" after the Mayan inhabitants mistook the unfamiliar horses
ridden by the conquistadors for Tapirs. Tizimín's importance in the
Mayan era was probably due to its strategic location bordering the
territories of three important Mayan kingdoms: the Cupules, the
Tazes and the Chikincheles.
The earliest reference to Tizimín's presence in the
colonial era points to the year 1564 when Franciscan monks chose to
build their convent (which still stands) on a significant local
site, although it was not specified whether the spot was chosen for
the Mayan village, underground lakes, or ruined pyramids that they
found there. The exact dates in which Tizimín was declared a town
and the town council formed remain a mystery.
A momentous event in Tizimín's history was the
construction by the Franciscans in 1666 of the Church of the Holy
Kings. Since that time the three effigies of "the Kings of Orient",
which can still be viewed inside the church, have turned Tizimín
into an important catholic pilgrimage site. The number of pilgrims
who come to worship the kings has grown year upon year, and today
during the celebration of the Three Kings at the beginning of
January, Tizimín hosts one of the most important traditional
festivals in Mexico, attracting tens of thousands of visitors over a
three week period.
Another important development in the fortunes of
Tizimín has been the relatively recent birth and continued expansion
of its cattle farming industry. The town has been steadily
transforming itself from a modest provincial community of
small-scale crop growers into one of the foremost livestock
producing regions in southern
Mexico.